Present Tense
Hi, guys ! Welcome back to my blog. Okay, if the previous post i told about my experience, then for this post
i am
going to tell you all about English
Grammar exactly tenses and the use of Question Word in every tense. There are 16 tenses used in English.
But in this time, i am just going to share about Present Tense. There are 4 types of Present Tense.
Those are
1.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple Present is a tense
in English that is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general
truths, and fixed arrangements.
Pattern :
- Verbal <V>
(+)
|
S + V1/Vs/es
+ O
|
(-)
|
S + do/does +
not + V1 + O
|
(?)
|
Do/Does + S +
V1 + O + ?
|
(-?)
|
Don’t/Doesn’t
+ S + V1+ O + ?
|
- RULES
V1 or Do is used for I, You, We, They, Plural
Vs/es or Does is used for He,
She, It, Singular
·
Add
+es, if the verb end in ;
o Ss : miss =
misses
o Sh : brush = brushes
o Ch : watch = watches
o X : mix =
mixes
o O : go =
goes
·
For verb that end in“y”
o If the verb that end in consonant + “y”, remove “y” and change with “ies”
Example :
Study = studies Fry = fries
o If the verb that end in vowel + “y”, you just need to add “s”
Example :
Play = plays Buy = buys
- Example
(+)
|
Satrio
plays football every day.
|
(-)
|
Sinta
does not cook in the kitchen.
|
(?)
|
Do
they study English?
|
(-?)
|
Don’t
you go to the beach?
|
v
Time Signal
On (Mondays)
|
: Setiap hari
senin
|
Always
|
: selalu
|
Everyday
|
: setiap hari
|
Usually
|
: biasanya
|
Every (week)
|
: setiap
minggu
|
often
|
: sering
|
(twice)a
(day)
|
: dua kali
sehari
|
Seldom
|
: jarang
|
In the
(morning)
|
: pada pagi
hari
|
Never
|
: tidak
pernah
|
At night
|
: di malam
hari
|
Ever
|
: pernah
|
- QUESTION WORDS <QW>
Who
|
(siapa)
|
: subject person
|
Whom
|
(siapa)
|
: object person
|
What
|
(apa)
|
: subject/object non-person
|
What + noun
|
(….. apa)
|
: kind of noun
|
Which
|
(yang mana)
|
: choice
|
Which + noun
|
(….. yang
mana)
|
: characteristic of noun
|
Whose
|
(milik siapa)
|
: ownership
|
Whose + noun
|
(….. siapa)
|
: ownership
|
Where
|
(dimana/kemana)
|
: place
|
When
|
(kapan)
|
: time
|
Why
|
(kenapa/mengapa)
|
: reason
|
How
|
(bagaimana)
|
: condition or method
|
How many +
nPl
|
(berapa
banyak)
|
: total
|
How much +nU
|
(berapa
banyak)
|
: total
|
How old
|
(berapa usia)
|
: age
|
How often
|
(seberapa
sering)
|
: frequency
|
How far
|
(seberapa
jauh)
|
: distance
|
How long
|
(berapa lama)
|
: duration
|
How deep
|
(seberapa
dalam)
|
: depth
|
- QW in Simple Present
(S)
|
QW + Vs/es +
O + ?
|
(V)
|
What + do/does
+ S + do + ?
|
(O)
|
QW + do/does
+ S + V1 + ?
|
- Example of QW
They sell many books in the shop.
A B C D
A)
|
Who sells
many books in the shop?
|
B)
|
What do they
do?
|
C)
|
What do they
sell in the market?
|
D)
|
Where do they
sell many books?
|
2.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS
TENSE
It expresses an activity that is in progress
at the moment of speaking
Pattern :
- Verbal
(+)
|
S + is/am/are
+ Ving + O
|
(-)
|
S + is/am/are
+ not + Ving + O
|
(?)
|
Is/Am/Are + S
+ Ving + O + ?
|
(-?)
|
Isn’t/Aren’t
+ S + Ving + O + ?
|
- RULE
Am : I
Are : You, We, They, Plural
Is : He, She, It, Singular
In negative introgative (-?),
Aren’t is used for subject I, You, We, They, Plural
- Example
(+)
|
My
mother is cleaning your room.
|
(-)
|
The
students are not reading novels
|
(?)
|
Are
you washing my clothes?
|
(-?)
|
Isn’t
your father working in the office?
|
Simple Present and Present Progressive / Continuous have similar
pattern of Nominal sentence.
Pattern :
- Nominal
(+)
|
S + is/am/are
+ 3 complement (adjective, noun, adverb)
|
(-)
|
S + is/am/are
+ not + complement
|
(?)
|
Is/Am/Are + S
+ complement + ?
|
(-?)
|
Isn’t/Aren’t
+ S + complement + ?
|
- Example
(+)
|
Robert
is kind.
|
(-)
|
He
is not tired.
|
(?)
|
Are
they lazy?
|
(-?)
|
Isn’t
your friend angry?
|
v
Time Signal
Now
|
: Sekarang
|
Today
|
: Hari ini
|
Right now
|
: Sekarang
|
This evening
|
: Sore ini
|
At present
|
: Pada saat ini
|
This afternoon
|
: Siang ini
|
At this moment
|
: Pada saat ini
|
Tonight
|
: Nanti malam
|
- Question Word
(S)
|
QW + is +
Ving + O + ?
|
(V)
|
What +
is/am/are + S + doing + ?
|
(O)
|
QW +
is/am/are + S + Ving + ?
|
My friends are hunting a bear.
A B C D
A
|
Whose friends
are hunting a bear?
|
B
|
Who is
hunting a bear?
|
C
|
What are my
friends doing?
|
D
|
What are my
friends hunting?
|
- Note
Look at the point
(A), i use “are”, because the subject is plural (friends)
3.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect tense expresses
actions that happened at a time that is not specific.
Pattern :
- Verbal
(+)
|
S + have/has
+ v3 + O
|
(-)
|
S + have/has
+ not + V3 + O
|
(?)
|
Have/Has + S
+ V3 + O + ?
|
(-?)
|
Haven’t/Hasn’t
+ S + V3 + O + ?
|
- RULE
Have : I,
you, we, they, plural
Has : she,
he, it, singular
- Example
(+)
|
We have
studied English for two years.
|
(-)
|
They have not
visited my home since 2015.
|
(?)
|
Have you
lived here for 5 years?
|
(-?)
|
Hasn’t Mike
taken a bath?
|
- Time Signal
For
|
:
selama
|
Never
|
:
tidak pernah
|
Since
|
:
sejak
|
Ever
|
:
pernah
|
Lately
|
:
akhir-akhir ini
|
Just
|
:
baru saja
|
Recently
|
:
baru-baru ini
|
Already
|
:
sudah
|
All
(day/night)
|
:sepanjang hari/malam
|
Not….yet
|
:
belum
|
Until
now
|
:
sampai sekarang
|
Up
to now
|
:
sampai saat ini
|
- Question Word
(S)
|
QW + has + V3
+ O + ?
|
(V)
|
What +
have/has + S + done + ?
|
(O)
|
QW + have/has
+ S + V3 + ?
|
- Example :
He has taught
in this school for ten years.
A B C D
A)
|
Who has taught in this school for ten year?
|
B)
|
What has he done for ten years?
|
C)
|
Where has he taught for ten years?
|
D)
|
How long has he taught in this school?
|
4.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
This tense
expresses an action that started in past and continued in present or recently
stopped. It is used to state an ongoing action that has started in the past.
- Verbal
(+)
|
S + have/has
+ been + Ving + O
|
(-)
|
S + have/has
+ not + been + Ving + O
|
(?)
|
Have/Has + S
+ been + Ving + O + ?
|
(-?)
|
Haven’t/Hasn’t
+ S + been + Ving + O + ?
|
- Example
(+)
|
He
has been waiting for you for an hour.
|
(-)
|
We
have not been running for 30 minutes.
|
(?)
|
Have
your friends been riding for three hours?
|
(-?)
|
Hasn’t
your sister been playing for 15 minutes?
|
Present Perfect
Tense and Present Perfect Continuous also have similar pattern of
Nominal sentence.
- Nominal
(+)
|
S + have/has + been +
complement
|
(-)
|
S + have/has + not +
been + complement
|
(?)
|
Have/Has + S + been +
complement + ?
|
(-?)
|
Haven’t/Hasn’t + S + been
+ complement + ?
|
- Example
(+)
|
He has been away for two years.
|
(-)
|
Your
grandmother has not been in hospital.
|
(?)
|
Have
they been at home?
|
(-?)
|
Hasn’t
your father been a policeman since 2000?
|
- Time Signal
For
|
: selama
|
All morning
|
: sepanjang pagi
|
Since
|
: sejak
|
The whole night
|
: sepanjang malam
|
Never
|
: tidak pernah
|
All afternoon
|
: sepanjang sore
|
- Question Word
(S)
|
QW + has +
been + Ving + O + ?
|
(V)
|
What +
have/has + S + been + doing + ?
|
(O)
|
QW + have/has
+ S + been + Ving + ?
|
- Example:
My uncle has been repairing my bicycle for an hour.
A
B C D
A)
|
Who has been repairing my bicycle
for an hour?
|
B)
|
What has my
uncle been doing for an hour?
|
C)
|
What has my
uncle been repairing for an hour?
|
D)
|
How long has
my uncle been repairing my bicycle?
|
Okay, those are
about present tense and the family. I hope you can understand it easily. Wait for
the next post 😉 see you
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